the mighty ones

κρᾰται-ός, ά, όν, poet. form of κρατερός,

A strong, mighty,

μοῖρα κραταιή Il.16.334

, etc.; of men, Od.15.242, 18.382, Pi.N.4.25, B.17.18; of a lion,

κραταιοῦ θηρὸς ὑφ' ὁρμῆς Il.11.119

;

ἔγχος Pi.P.6.34

; κ. ἔπος word of power, ib.2.81;

σθένος κ. A.Pr. 428

(lyr.);

κ. μετὰ χερσίν S.Ph. 1110

(lyr.);

κραταιᾶς χειρός E. HF 964

;

κραταιῷ.. βραχίονι Trag.Adesp.416

;

ἔχει χεῖρα κραταιάν Cratin.Jun.8.4

(hex.);

χεῖρα κραταιοτέρην AP11.324

(Autom.); fierce, κ. καύματος ὥρᾳ Poet. ap. Callistr. ap.Ath.3.125c: freq. in later Prose, κ. λίθος hard stone, Ph.Bel.80.22, Supp.Epigr.2.829 (Damascus, iii A. D.); ἐν χειρὶ κ. with a mighty hand, LXX Ex.13.3, al.;

κ. ἀγών Plb.2.69.8

;

τόξα κ. Plu.Crass.24

;

ἐπὶ τὸ κ. Luc.Anach.28

: [comp] Comp., Ph.1.14: [comp] Sup., Id.2.383; esp. in magical and mystical writings,

ἐν φωτὶ κ. καὶ ἀφθάρτῳ PMag.Lond. 121.563

; θεοὶ κ. ib.422; οἱ κ. the Mighty Ones, lamb.Myst.8.4, Dam. Pr. 351: Astrol., κ. ἡγεμόνες, divinities presiding over certain periods of the month, Porph. ap. Eus.PE3.4; ἀστέρες, ζῴδιον, Cat.Cod.Astr. 8(4).227; also ὁ κ. [μηνὸς Φαρμοῦθι] POxy. 465 i 12 (ii A. D.): c. gen., ruling over,

ὦ τῶν πάντων ζώντων τε καὶ τεθνηκότων κραταιοί

PMag. Leid.V.

7.8

; ὁ μέγιστος κ. θεὸς Σοκνοπαῖος Wilcken Chr.122.1 (i A. D.). Adv. -ῶς LXX Jd.8.1, Ph.1.276, Pap.in Arch.f.Religionswiss.18.259 (iii A. D.).

-ή,-όν ⁺ A 12-96-10-27-40=185 Gn 26,16; 32,29; 47,5; Ex 8,22; 17,9

strong, mighty Gn 32,29; able Gn 47,5; able to [+inf.] Nm 22,38; possible Ex 8,22

δυνατόν ἐστι it is possible 2 Mc 3,6

*1 Chr 24,4 τῶν δυνατῶν the mighty ones-הגבורים for MT הגברים the men; *Mal 1,14 ὃς ἦν δυνατός the one who had the power-יכל for MT נכל the cheat

→NIDNTT; TWNT

-ου ⁺ ὁ N 1 3-4-5-29-33=74 Gn 49,24; 50,4; Lv 19,15; Jgs^A 5,9; 1 Sm 2,8

mighty one Jb 5,15; lord, master Jdt 9,3; prince Prv 8,15

*Am 6,7 δυναστῶν princes, the mighty ones-גדלים for MT גלים exiles; *Jb 29,12 δυνάστου of the oppressor-ועשׁ/מ ועשׁ^II for MT ועשׁמ ועשׁ^I who cried, see also Ps 71(72),12; *Jb 36,22 δυνάστης master, powerful-מרא? (Aram.) for MT מורה teacher; *Prv 8,3 δυναστῶν princes-ריםשׂ for MT עריםשׁ gates (double transl. of the Hebr.)

Cf. HARL 1986a, 52.313; →TWNT

κατεξουσιάζω (s. ἐξουσιάζω; scarcely to be found in other Gk.—though κατεξουσία occurs IG XIV, 1047, 5 and Sb 8316, 6f=CIG 4710, and the verb AcThom 45 [Aa II/2, 162, 24 v.l.]; 98 [p. 211, 2]; Tat. 15, 3; and Julian, C. Galil. 100c of the God of the Jews κ. τῶν ὅλων) exercise authority, perh. tyrannize τινός over someone, of the mighty ones of the earth Mt 20:25; Mk 10:42.—DELG s.v. εἰμί. M-M. TW.

-ή,-όν ⁺ A 24-67-63-35-28=217 Gn 7,19.20; 12,6; 22,2; Ex 6,1

cultic high place 1 Kgs 3,2

high, lofty Gn 7,19; high, elevated, fortified Neh 9,25; high (of pers.) 1 Sm 9,2; high, proud, haughty 1 Sm 2,3; up-raised, mighty Ex 6,1; loud Prv 9,3; sublime Prv 10,21; τὰ ὑψηλά cultic high places (outside the Pentateuch frequently stereotypical rendition of במה) 1 Kgs 3,2

ὑψηλῷ τραχήλῳ with outstretched neck, haughtily Is 3,16

ὑψηλότερος higher Dn^Th 8,3; the highest (comparison between two without gen.) Dn^LXX 8,3(secundo) *Gn 12,6 τὴν ὑψηλήν high-מרום? or-מדה? (cpr. Is 45,14) for MT מורה Moreh, see also Dt 11,30; cpr. Gn 22,2; *Is 10,34 σὺν τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς with its mighty ones?-באדיריו for MT באדיר by a mighty one

Cf. DANIEL, S. 1966 35-37.45-48.50-52.249.379; DOGNIEZ 1992, 98; HARL 1986a 192.195; 1990=1992a

138; LE BOULLUEC 1989 111.163; ROST 1967, 130-132; →NIDNTT

πελώρ-ιος (also [full] τελώριος (q. v.)), ον, fem. (not in Hom.) - ιος Hes. Th. 179, -ίη A.R.4.1682:

A = πέλωρος, freq. in Hom., mostly of gods, Ἀΐδης, Ἄρης, Il.5.395, 7.208 ; or heroes, as Αἴας, Ἕκτωρ, Ἀχιλεύς, 3.229, 11.820, 21.527 ;

Ὠρίων Od. 11.572

; ἀνὴρ π., of Polyphemus, 9.187, cf. Il.3.166, Pi. O. 7.15 ; also of things, ἔγχος, τεύχεα, Il.8.424, 10.439 ;

λᾶας Od.11.594

;

κύματα 3.290

;

ἅρπη Hes. Th. 179

;

κλέος Pi. O. 10(11).21

: rare in Trag. (only lyr.), γᾶς π. τέρας, of a dragon, E.IT 1248 (lyr.) ; τὰ πρὶν π. the mighty things, or mighty ones, of old, A.Pr. 151 (lyr.) ; used by Com. in mockheroicstyle, Ar.Av. 321 ; in exaggerated language, Arist. Rh. 1408b13: in later Prose, Ath. 3.84e.

2 π. (sc. ἱερά), τά, a harvest-festival, celebratcd in honour of Zeus in Thessaly, Bato Sinop.4 ; Πελώριος, epith. of Zeus, Q.S. 11.273.

μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα (Hom.+) comp. μείζων and beside it, because of the gradual disappearance of feeling for its comp. sense, μειζότερος 3J 4 (APF 3, 1906, 173; POxy 131, 25; BGU 368, 9; ApcSed 1:5 [cp. J 15:13]; s. B-D-F §61, 2; W-S. §11, 4; Mlt-H. 166; Gignac II 158). Superl. μέγιστος (2 Pt 1:4).

① pert. to exceeding a standard involving related objects, large, great

ⓐ of any extension in space in all directions λίθος Mt 27:60; Mk 16:4. δένδρον Lk 13:19 v.l. (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62]). κλάδοι Mk 4:32. Buildings 13:2. Fish J 21:11. A mountain (Tyrtaeus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 4, 8 D.²; Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 138; Theopomp. [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 78 Jac.) Rv 8:8. A star vs. 10. A furnace 9:2 (ParJer 6:23). A dragon (Esth 1:1e; Bel 23 Theod.) 12:3, 9. ἀετός (Ezk 17:3; ParJer 7:18 [RHarris; om. Kraft-Purintun]) vs. 14. μάχαιρα a long sword 6:4. ἅλυσις a long chain 20:1. πέλαγος AcPl Ha 7, 23 (first hand).

ⓑ with suggestion of spaciousness ἀνάγαιον a spacious room upstairs Mk 14:15; Lk 22:12. θύρα a wide door 1 Cor 16:9. A winepress Rv 14:19 (ληνός μ. ‘trough’ JosAs 2:20); χάσμα a broad chasm (2 Km 18:17) Lk 16:26. οἰκία (Jer 52:13) 2 Ti 2:20.

ⓒ with words that include the idea of number ἀγέλη μ. a large herd Mk 5:11. δεῖπνον a great banquet, w. many invited guests (Da 5:1 Theod.; JosAs 3:6) Lk 14:16. Also δοχὴ μ. (Gen 21:8) Lk 5:29; GJs 6:2.

ⓓ of age (Jos., Ant. 12, 207 μικρὸς ἢ μέγας=‘young or old’); to include all concerned μικροὶ καὶ μεγάλοι small and great (PGM 15, 18) Rv 11:18; 13:16; 19:5, 18; 20:12. μικρῷ τε καὶ μεγάλῳ Ac 26:22. ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου (Gen 19:11; 4 Km 23:2; 2 Ch 34:30; POxy 1350) 8:10; Hb 8:11 (Jer 38:34). μέγας γενόμενος when he was grown up 11:24 (Ex 2:11). ὁ μείζων the older (O. Wilck II, 144, 3 [128 A.D.]; 213, 3; 1199, 2; LXX; cp. Polyb. 18, 18, 9 Σκιπίων ὁ μέγας; 32, 12, 1) Ro 9:12; 13:2 (both Gen 25:23).

② pert. to being above average in quantity, great πορισμός a great means of gain 1 Ti 6:6. μισθαποδοσία rich reward Hb 10:35.

③ pert. to being above standard in intensity, great δύναμις Ac 4:33; 19:8 D. Esp. of sound: loud φωνή Mk 15:37; Lk 17:15; Rv 1:10; φωνῇ μεγάλῃ (LXX; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 20f [Stone p. 12]; ParJer 2:2; ApcMos 5:21) Mt 27:46, 50; Mk 1:26; 5:7; 15:34; Lk 4:33; 8:28; 19:37; 23:23 (Φωναῖς μεγάλαις), 46; J 11:43; Ac 7:57, 60; 8:7; Rv 5:12; 6:10 al.; μεγ. φωνῇ (ParJer 5:32); Ac 14:10; 16:28; μεγ. τῇ φωνῇ (ParJer 9:8; Jos., Bell. 6, 188) 14:10 v.l.; 26:24; ἐν φωνῇ μ. Rv 5:2. μετὰ σάλπιγγος μεγάλης with a loud trumpet call Mt 24:31. κραυγή (Ex 11:6; 12:30) Lk 1:42; Ac 23:9; cp. μεῖζον κράζειν cry out all the more Mt 20:31. κοπετός (Gen 50:10) Ac 8:2.—Of natural phenomena: ἄνεμος μ. a strong wind J 6:18; Rv 6:13. λαῖλαψ μ. (Jer 32:32) Mk 4:37. βροντή (Sir 40:13) Rv 14:2. χάλαζα Rv 11:19; 16:21a. χάλαζα λίαν μ. σφόδρα AcPl Ha 5, 7. σεισμὸς μ. (Jer 10:22; Ezk 3:12; 38:19; Jos., Ant. 9, 225) Mt 8:24; 28:2; Lk 21:11a; Ac 16:26. γαλήνη μ. a deep calm Mt 8:26; Mk 4:39; φῶς μ. a bright light (JosAs 6:3; ParJer 9:18 [16]; Plut., Mor. 567f: a divine voice sounds forth from this light; Petosiris, Fgm. 7, ln. 39 τὸ ἱερὸν ἄστρον μέγα ποιοῦν φῶς) Mt 4:16a; GJs 19:2 (Is 9:1). καῦμα μ. intense heat Rv 16:9 (JosAs 3:3).—Of surprising or unpleasant events or phenomena of the most diverse kinds (ἀπώλεια Dt 7:23; θάνατος Ex 9:3; Jer 21:6; κακόν Philo, Agr. 47) σημεῖα (Dt 6:22; 29:2) Mt 24:24; Lk 21:11b; Ac 6:8. δυνάμεις 8:13. ἔργα μ. mighty deeds (cp. Judg 2:7) Rv 15:3. μείζω τούτων greater things than these J 1:50 (μείζονα v.l.); cp. 5:20; 14:12. διωγμὸς μ. a severe persecution Ac 8:1; θλῖψις μ. (a time of) great suffering (1 Macc 9:27) Mt 24:21; Ac 7:11; Rv 2:22; 7:14. πειρασμός AcPl Ha 8, 22. πληγή (Judg 15:8; 1 Km 4:10, 17 al.; TestReub 1:7; TestSim 8:4; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 134) 16:21b. θόρυβος GJs 21:1; AcPl Ha 1, 28f (restored, s. AcPlTh [Aa I 258, 6]) λιμὸς μ. (4 Km 6:25; 1 Macc 9:24) Lk 4:25; Ac 11:28; ἀνάγκη μ. Lk 21:23; πυρετὸς μ. a high fever (s. πυρετός) 4:38.—Of emotions: χαρά great joy (Jon 4:6; JosAs 3:4; 4:2 al.; Jos., Ant. 12, 91) Mt 2:10; 28:8; Lk 2:10; 24:52. φόβος great fear (X., Cyr. 4, 2, 10; Menand., Fgm. 388 Kö.; Jon 1:10, 16; 1 Macc 10:8; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 18 [Stone p. 82]; JosAs 6:1; GrBar 7:5) Mk 4:41; Lk 2:9; 8:37; Ac 5:5, 11; AcPl Ha 3, 33. θυμὸς μ. fierce anger (1 Macc 7:35) Rv 12:12. μείζων ἀγάπη greater love J 15:13. λύπη profound (Jon 4:1; 1 Macc 6:4, 9, 13; TestJob 7:8) Ro 9:2. σκυθρωπία AcPl Ha 7, 36. πίστις firm Mt 15:28. ἔκστασις (cp. Gen 27:33; ParJer 5:8, 12) Mk 5:42.

④ pert. to being relatively superior in importance, great

ⓐ of rational entities: of God and other deities θεός (SIG 985, 34 θεοὶ μεγάλοι [LBlock, Megaloi Theoi: Roscher II 2523–28, 2536–40; SCole, Theoi Megaloi, The Cult of the Great Gods at Samothrace ’84]; 1237, 5 ὀργὴ μεγάλη τ. μεγάλου Διός; OGI 50, 7; 168, 6; 716, 1; PStras 81, 14 [115 B.C.] Ἴσιδος μεγάλης μητρὸς θεῶν; POxy 886, 1; PTebt 409, 11; 22 ὁ θεὸς μ. Σάραπις, al.; PGM 4, 155; 482; 778 and oft.; 3052 μέγ. θεὸς Σαβαώθ; 5, 474; Dt 10:17 al. in LXX; En 103:4; 104:1; Philo, Cher. 29 al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 319; SibOr 3, 19; 71 al.—Thieme 36f) Tit 2:13 (Christ is meant). Ἄρτεμις (q.v.) Ac 19:27f, 34f (cp. Ael. Aristid. 48, 21 K.=24 p. 471 D. the outcry: μέγας ὁ Ἀσκληπιός); s. New Docs 1, 106 on this epithet in ref. to deities. Simon the magician is called ἡ δύναμις τ. θεοῦ ἡ καλουμένη μεγάλη Ac 8:10b (s. δύναμις 5). The angel Michael Hs 8, 3, 3; cp. 8, 4, 1.—Of people who stand in relation to the Divinity or are otherw. in high position: ἀρχιερεύς (s. ἀρχιερεύς 2a and ἱερεύς aβ.—ἀρχ. μέγ. is also the appellation of the priest-prince of Olba [s. PECS 641f] in Cilicia: MAMA III ’31 p. 67, ins 63; 64 [I B.C.]) Hb 4:14. προφήτης (Sir 48:22) Lk 7:16. ποιμήν Hb 13:20. Gener. of rulers: οἱ μεγάλοι the great ones, those in high position Mt 20:25; Mk 10:42. Of people prominent for any reason Mt 5:19; 20:26; Mk 10:43; Lk 1:15, 32; Ac 5:36 D; 8:9 (MSmith, HWolfson Festschr., ’65, 741: μ. here and Lk 1:32 may imply a messianic claim).—μέγας in the superl. sense (2 Km 7:9.—The positive also stands for the superl., e.g. Sallust. 4 p. 6, 14, where Paris calls Aphrodite καλή=the most beautiful. Diod S 17, 70, 1 πολεμία τῶν πόλεων=the most hostile [or especially hostile] among the cities) Lk 9:48 (opp. ὁ μικρότερος).—Comp. μείζων greater of God (Ael. Aristid. 27, 3 K.=16 p. 382 D.; PGM 13, 689 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, τὸν πάντων μείζονα) J 14:28; Hb 6:13; 1J 3:20; 4:4. More prominent or outstanding because of certain advantages Mt 11:11; Lk 7:28; 22:26f; J 4:12; 8:53; 13:16ab; 1 Cor 14:5. More closely defined: ἰσχύϊ καὶ δυνάμει μείζων greater in power and might 2 Pt 2:11. μεῖζον τοῦ ἱεροῦ someth. greater than the temple Mt 12:6. μείζων with superl. mng. (Ps.-Apollod., Epit. 7, 8 Wagner: Ὀδυσσεὺς τρεῖς κριοὺς ὁμοῦ συνδέων … καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ μείζονι ὑποδύς; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 87 §366 ἐν παρασκευῇ μείζονι= in the greatest preparation; Vett. Val. 62, 24; TestJob 3:1 ἐν μείζονι φωτί) Mt 18:1, 4; 23:11; Mk 9:34; Lk 9:46; 22:24, 26.

ⓑ of things: great, sublime, important μυστήριον (GrBar 1:6; 2:6; ApcMos 34; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 100 al.; Just., A I, 27, 4) Eph 5:32; 1 Ti 3:16. Of the sabbath day that begins a festival period J 19:31; MPol 8:1b. Esp. of the day of the divine judgment (LXX; En 22:4; ApcEsdr 3:3 p. 27, 7 Tdf.; Just., D. 49, 2 al.; cp. TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 11 [Stone p. 32]) Ac 2:20 (Jo 3:4); Jd 6; Rv 6:17; 16:14. Of Paul’s superb instructional ability μ̣ε̣γάλῃ καθ̣[ηγήσει] AcPl Ha 6, 30f.—μέγας in the superl. sense (Plut., Mor. 35a w. πρῶτος; Himerius, Or. 14 [Ecl. 15], 3 μέγας=greatest, really great; B-D-F §245, 2; s. Rob. 669) ἐντολή Mt 22:36, 38. ἡμέρα ἡ μ. τῆς ἑορτῆς the great day of the festival J 7:37 (cp. Lucian, Pseudolog. 8 ἡ μεγάλη νουμηνία [at the beginning of the year]); Mel., P. 79, 579; 92, 694 ἐν τῇ μ. ἐορτῇ; GJs 1:2; 2:2 (s. deStrycker on 1:2). Of Mary’s day of parturition ὡς μεγάλη ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα what a great day this is GJs 19:2. μείζων as comp. (Chion, Ep. 16, 8 philosophy as νόμος μείζων=higher law; Sir 10:24) J 5:36; 1J 5:9. μ. ἁμαρτία J 19:11 (cp. schol. on Pla. 189d ἁμαρτήματα μεγάλα; Ex 32:30f). τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα the more important spiritual gifts (in the sense Paul gave the word) 1 Cor 12:31. As a superl. (Epict. 3, 24, 93; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ὕβλαι: the largest of three cities is ἡ μείζων [followed by ἡ ἐλάττων, and finally ἡ μικρά=the smallest]. The comparative also performs the function of the superlative, e.g. Diod S 20, 22, 2, where πρεσβύτερος is the oldest of 3 men) Mt 13:32; 1 Cor 13:13 (by means of the superl. μ. Paul singles out from the triad the one quality that interests him most in this connection, just as Ael. Aristid. 45, 16 K. by means of αὐτός at the end of the θεοί singles out Sarapis, the only one that affects him).—The superl. μέγιστος, at times used by contemporary authors, occurs only once in the NT, where it is used in the elative sense very great, extraordinary (Diod S 2, 32, 1) ἐπαγγέλματα 2 Pt 1:4.—On the adv. usage Ac 26:29 s. ὀλίγος 2bβ.—Neut. pl. μεγάλα ποιεῖν τινι do great things for someone Lk 1:49 (cp. Dt 10:21). λαλεῖν μεγάλα καὶ βλασφημίας utter proud words and blasphemies Rv 13:5 (Da 7:8; cp. En 101:3). ἐποίει μεγ̣[ά]λα καὶ [θα]υ̣[μά]σ̣ι̣α̣ (Just., A I, 62, 4) (Christ) proceeded to perform great and marvelous deeds AcPl Ha 8, 33/BMM verso 6.

⑤ pert. to being unusual, surprising, neut. μέγα εἰ … θερίσομεν; is it an extraordinary thing (i.e. are we expecting too much = our colloquial ‘is it a big deal’) if we wish to reap? 1 Cor 9:11. οὐ μέγα οὖν, εἰ it is not surprising, then, if 2 Cor 11:15 (on this constr. cp. Pla., Menex. 235d; Plut., Mor. 215f; Gen 45:28; s. AFridrichsen, ConNeot 2, ’36, 46).—B. 878f; 1309. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.